$600 Billion Deals: A Comprehensive Breakdown of US - Saudi Agreements in May 2025
Westbourne + Partners
Overview
In May 2025, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States of America formalised a sweeping portfolio of commercial agreements, memoranda of understanding, and long-term strategic collaborations across defence, energy, technology, infrastructure, and healthcare. Valued at over $600 billion, these agreements represent a profound deepening of bilateral economic ties and reflect both nations’ ambitions for sustainable growth, innovation, and geopolitical partnership. This document presents a comprehensive record of all signed deals, contextual analysis by sector, and the strategic relevance of this landmark moment in Saudi–U.S. relations.
Summary of Agreements Signed
Cross-Referenced by Sector and Value
This table provides a comprehensive summary of all deals and memoranda of understanding signed. Each entry includes a unique reference ID, which correspond directly with the detailed descriptions in the next section for ease of navigation and reference.
ID | Sector | Deal / Partnership | Parties Involved | Value (USD) |
D01 | Defence | Comprehensive arms sales package (largest in U.S. history) covering aircraft, missile defences, naval vessels, training and communication systems | Saudi Ministry of Defense - Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Raytheon, others | $142 billion |
D02 | Defence | Letter of Intent (LoI) for military training, support and modernisation of Saudi forces | Saudi Ministry of Defense - U.S. Department of Defense | Not applicable* |
E01 | Energy | GE Vernova gas turbines and power infrastructure equipment | Saudi Energy Sector (e.g., SEC/Aramco) - General Electric Vernova | $14.2 billion |
E02 | Energy | U.S.-Saudi Energy Sector Cooperation MoU | Saudi Ministry of Energy - U.S. Department of Energy | Not applicable* |
T01 | Technology | Joint investment initiative in AI, cloud, semiconductors, mobility | Saudi DataVolt & partners - Google, Oracle, Salesforce, AMD, Uber | $80 billion |
T02 | Technology | DataVolt investment in U.S. AI datacentres and infrastructure | Saudi Arabian DataVolt - U.S. projects | $20 billion |
T03 | Technology | NASA-Saudi Space Agency CubeSat agreement (Artemis II mission) | NASA - Saudi Space Agency | Not applicable* |
I01 | Infrastructure | Contracts for U.S. firms to support Vision 2030 mega-projects (e.g. NEOM, Qiddiya) | Saudi Vision 2030 agencies - Hill International, Jacobs, Parsons, AECOM | $2 billion |
I02 | Infrastructure | Boeing 737-8 aircraft purchase by AviLease | AviLease - Boeing | $4.8 billion |
P01 | Transport | Air Transport Agreement modernisation (7th-freedom cargo rights) | Saudi General Authority of Civil Aviation - U.S. Department of Transportation | Not applicable* |
H01 | Healthcare | IV fluid manufacturing plant in Michigan | Shamekh IV Solutions, LLC - U.S. State of Michigan | $5.8 billion |
M01 | Mining | Critical minerals and mining MoC | Saudi Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources - U.S. Department of Energy | Not applicable* |
F01 | Investment | Energy Investment Fund | Saudi PIF & U.S. investment partners | $5 billion |
F02 | Investment | New Era Aerospace & Defense Technology Fund | Saudi PIF & U.S. defence industry investors | $5 billion |
F03 | Investment | Enfield Global Sports Fund | Saudi PIF & U.S. sports investors | $4 billion |
P02 | Cultural | Smithsonian-AlUla Royal Commission partnership (heritage and wildlife) | Smithsonian Institution - Royal Commission for AlUla | Not applicable* |
T04 | Technology | Supply of 18,000 Nvidia Blackwell GPU chips for AI factories | Nvidia - HUMAIN | Not disclosed - phased supply agreement |
T05 | Technology | $10B AMD-HUMAIN partnership to deploy 500 MW of AI compute | AMD - HUMAIN | $10 billion |
T06 | Technology | Oracle investment in smart cities and cloud infrastructure in Riyadh & Jeddah | Oracle - Saudi Government | Approx. $14 billion (within $80B collective) |
T07 | Technology | AWS and HUMAIN strategic partnership to build an AI Zone | Amazon Web Services (AWS) - HUMAIN | Not disclosed - strategic partnership |
T08 | Technology | MoU for data centre processor development | Qualcomm - Saudi Partners | Not disclosed - MoU |
T09 | Technology | Uber partnerships with Aurora and Waymo to launch self-driving vehicles | Uber - Aurora - Waymo - Saudi entities | Not disclosed - commercial deployment |
T10 | Technology | Aramco and Nvidia to create AI Hub and industrial AI systems | Aramco - Nvidia | Part of $90 billion Aramco deal |
T11 | Technology | Aramco and Amazon on digital transformation and sustainability | Aramco - Amazon | Part of $90 billion Aramco deal |
E03 | Energy | Aramco's 34 MOUs with U.S. firms across LNG, chemicals, AI, fuels, etc. | Aramco - Multiple U.S. companies | Up to $90 billion (aggregate) |
E04 | Energy | 20-year LNG purchase of 1.2M tons/year from NextDecade | Aramco - NextDecade | Included in $90B total |
E05 | Energy | Upgrade evaluation of Samref refinery | Aramco - ExxonMobil | Included in $90B total |
E06 | Energy | MOU to potentially import 6.2M tons of LNG/year | Aramco - Sempra | Included in $90B total |
E07 | Energy | $8.4B green hydrogen JV producing 1.2M tons/year by 2030 | NEOM - ACWA Power - Air Products | $8.4 billion |
E08 | Energy | $3.4B investment in U.S. fuel plant | Aramco - U.S. Fuel Plant | $3.4 billion |
D03 | Defence | $14B MoU for defence procurement and SAMI partnership | Northrop Grumman - Saudi GAMI | $14 billion |
I03 | Infrastructure | $1B+ MOU to create Middle East infrastructure fund | I Squared Capital - PIF | Over $1 billion |
M02 | Mining | $9B mining JV in Saudi for critical minerals | Burkhan World Investments - Grand Mines | $9 billion |
M03 | Mining | $1B AI and semiconductor investment platform | Burkhan World Investments - Watad Digital | $1 billion |
D04 | Defence | $5B dual-purpose defence innovation fund | Burkhan - Advanced Aircraft Technology | $5 billion |
H02 | Healthcare | MoU on autism and neuroscience collaboration | KFSHRC - Cleveland Clinic | Not applicable - R&D and clinical collaboration |
H03 | Healthcare | Tripartite agreement on sports medicine and performance | KFSHRC - Qiddiya - Cleveland Clinic | Not applicable - collaboration |
H04 | Healthcare | Collaboration on advanced lab infrastructure | KFSHRC - Germfree | Not applicable - infrastructure development |
H05 | Healthcare | MoU for healthcare and medical technology advancement | KFSHRC - Medtronic | Not disclosed |
F04 | Investment | $5B joint investment in Saudi equities and fixed income | PIF - Franklin Templeton | $5 billion |
F05 | Investment | $6B multi-asset platform in Riyadh | PIF - Neuberger Berman | $6 billion |
F06 | Investment | Letter of intent for Saudi equity index collaboration | PIF - BlackRock | Not disclosed - non-binding agreement |
* Not applicable - strategic/policy agreement or cultural partnership with no direct monetary value
Details of Agreements
This section offers a structured narrative for each agreement listed in the summary table. Organised by sector and aligned with the reference IDs provided earlier, the detailed breakdown includes the nature of each deal, financial commitments where applicable, and the strategic intent or scope of collaboration. It provides contextual insights to understand the broader significance of these partnerships and their role in advancing U.S.–Saudi economic relations.
DEFENCE
D01. Comprehensive Arms Sales Package ($142B) The largest defence sales agreement in U.S. history, covering advanced aircraft, missile defence systems, naval vessels, and communication technology. Partners include Saudi Ministry of Defence and major U.S. contractors (Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Raytheon).
D02. Training & Modernisation LoI Strategic agreement for U.S. support in Saudi military training, logistics, and internal security reforms. No financial value attached; intended for capability-building.
D03. Northrop Grumman–Saudi GAMI MoU ($14B) Northrop Grumman and the General Authority for Military Industries (GAMI) agreed on defence capabilities procurement and localisation through Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI).
D04. BWI Nexus ($5B) Dual-purpose defence and innovation fund between Burkhan World Investments and Advanced Aircraft Technology to create a defence technology ecosystem.
ENERGY & INDUSTRY
E01. GE Vernova Turbines Deal ($14.2B) Sale of high-efficiency gas turbines to Saudi Arabia by General Electric Vernova to boost power generation infrastructure.
E02. U.S.–Saudi Energy Cooperation MoU Government-level framework agreement for collaboration on innovation and infrastructure in energy.
E03. Aramco's 34 MoUs ($90B potential) Spanning LNG, fuels, emission-reduction, AI and chemical sectors. Signed with various U.S. firms; long-term strategic impact.
E04. Aramco–NextDecade LNG Deal A 20-year contract to import 1.2M tons of LNG annually from Texas.
E05. Aramco–ExxonMobil (Samref Refinery) Upgrade feasibility evaluation for the Samref facility in Saudi Arabia.
E06. Aramco–Sempra MoU Potential to import 6.2M tons of LNG annually.
E07. NEOM Green Hydrogen JV ($8.4B) NEOM, ACWA Power, and Air Products signed a JV to produce green hydrogen (1.2M tons annually by 2030).
E08. Aramco Fuel Plant Investment ($3.4B) Expansion of U.S.-based fuel production capacity by Aramco.
E09. Aramco–Nvidia AI Hub Agreement Development of industrial AI computing infrastructure and training programs.
E10. Aramco–Amazon Framework Agreement Cooperation on digital transformation and low-carbon tech.
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
T01. $80B Joint Tech Investment Initiative Led by DataVolt, Google, Oracle, AMD, Salesforce, Uber to invest in transformative technologies in both countries.
T02. DataVolt $20B U.S. AI Centre Project Saudi sovereign-funded AI data centres and energy infrastructure in the U.S.
T03. Nvidia–HUMAIN GPU Agreement Initial supply of 18,000 Blackwell GPUs to build AI factories in Saudi Arabia.
T04. AMD–HUMAIN $10B Compute Infrastructure JV Creation of 500MW of AI compute infrastructure in Saudi Arabia.
T05. Oracle Smart City Project ($14B est.) Oracle investment in digital governance and cloud infrastructure in Riyadh and Jeddah.
T06. AWS–HUMAIN AI Zone Partnership to build an AI innovation hub in Saudi Arabia.
T07. Qualcomm MoU Joint processor development agreement for Saudi data centres.
T08. Uber AV Project Partnerships with Aurora and Waymo to introduce autonomous vehicles by end-2025.
INFRASTRUCTURE
I01. Vision 2030 Giga Projects ($2B) Jacobs, AECOM, Parsons and Hill International contracted for design and PM of King Salman Airport, Qiddiya, King Salman Park, and NEOM’s The Vault.
I02. AviLease–Boeing Aircraft Purchase ($4.8B) Order for 20 Boeing 737-8 aircraft, with an option for 10 more, to support Saudi aviation growth.
I03. I Squared–PIF Infrastructure Fund ($1B+) Middle East-focused infrastructure fund for long-term investment, anchored in Saudi Arabia.
TRANSPORT & AIR SERVICES
P01. U.S.–Saudi Air Transport Agreement Policy update granting 7th-freedom cargo rights for both nations’ carriers to facilitate logistics growth.
HEALTHCARE & BIOTECH
H01. IV Fluid Plant Investment ($5.8B) Shamekh IV Solutions to establish a facility in Michigan to manufacture intravenous fluids.
H02. KFSHRC–Cleveland Clinic (Autism & Neuroscience) MoU to collaborate on advanced clinical research.
H03. KFSHRC–Qiddiya–Cleveland Clinic Sports Medicine Agreement on elite performance and medical innovation.
H04. KFSHRC–Germfree Labs Strategic partnership for lab development.
H05. KFSHRC–Medtronic Healthcare MoU Partnership for medical device technologies.
MINING
M01. U.S.–Saudi MoC on Mining Strategic mineral exploration, tech transfer and supply chain collaboration.
M02. Burkhan–Grand Mines JV ($9B) Critical minerals JV for exploration and development in Saudi Arabia.
M03. Burkhan–Watad AI Platform ($1B) Investment platform and innovation centre for AI and semiconductors.
INVESTMENT FUNDS & FINANCE
F01. Energy Investment Fund ($5B) Joint fund for energy infrastructure in the U.S. and Saudi Arabia.
F02. Aerospace & Defence Tech Fund ($5B) Strategic tech investments in aerospace and defence.
F03. Enfield Global Sports Fund ($4B) Sports and entertainment fund for joint global ventures.
F04. PIF–Franklin Templeton ($5B) Equities and fixed income investment partnership.
F05. PIF–Neuberger Berman ($6B) Multi-asset platform based in Riyadh.
F06. PIF–BlackRock Index Mandate Non-binding agreement to develop a Saudi equities index product.
Bibliography
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18-May-2025